CLASSIFICATION PARADIGMS FOR MICROGRID DESIGN: FORMALIZING ARCHITECTURAL, OPERATIONAL, AND FUNCTIONAL DETERMINANTS

Abstract

The modern transformation of the energy sector is characterized by the massive introduction of distributed generation based on renewable energy sources, which requires a revision of classical approaches to the design of microgrids in order to comply with standards of reliability and quality of power supply. There is a need for a clear systematization of the various architectures of microgrids, which in modern conditions are evolving into complex cyber-physical systems. The lack of a unified methodology for selecting topology and control algorithms makes it difficult to effectively integrate distributed generation into existing power systems. The purpose of the research is to develop a formalized classification of microgrids according to key technical and functional features in order to optimize their design process. The paper uses methods of system analysis, principles of hierarchical management, and a comparative analysis of topologies based on the type of electric current and scalability. A structured classification of microgrids based on operating modes (autonomous and networked), distribution architecture (alternating, direct current or hybrid current) and installed capacity is proposed. The application of specific management strategies, such as the static characteristics method and model-proactive regulation, for each type of system is justified. The systematization of design methodologies is a prerequisite for ensuring the interoperability of equipment and increasing the survivability of intelligent power grids. The results of the study make it possible to reasonably choose design solutions at the pre-design stage, minimizing the risks of frequency and voltage instability in conditions of high generation uncertainty.