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Iqtibos keltirish tartibi
Annotatsiya
Issiqlik izolyatsiyasi binolarning energiya sarfini kamaytirish va iqtisodiy samaradorligini oshirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Ushbu tadqiqotda binolar devorlari uchun optimal issiqlik izolyatsiyasi qalinligini aniqlash maqsadida isitish va sovitish energiyasi talablari birgalikda hisobga olingan kompleks termo-iqtisodiy model ishlab chiqildi. Faqat isitish talablarini hisobga oladigan an’anaviy izolyatsiya tahlillaridan farqli ravishda, taklif etilgan model isitish daraja-kunlari (HDD) va sovitish daraja-kunlari (CDD) ni birgalikda inobatga oladi, bu esa binoning energiya samaradorligini yil davomida to‘liq baholash imkonini beradi. Iqtisodiy jihatdan optimal izolyatsiya qalinligini aniqlashda hayotiy sikl xarajatlari usulidan foydalanildi, umumiy xarajat funksiyasini minimallashtirish uchun esa sonli optimallashtirish qo‘llanildi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, o‘rganilgan iqlim sharoitlarida (HDD = 2022 °C·kun, CDD = 650 °C·kun) penopolistirol uchun optimal izolyatsiya qalinligi taxminan 0,07–0,09 m ni tashkil etadi. Ushbu qalinlikni qo‘llash izolyatsiyasiz devor bilan solishtirganda yillik energiya xarajatlarini taxminan 35–50 % ga kamaytirishi mumkin. Iqtisodiy tahlil shuningdek, izolyatsiyaga kiritilgan investitsiyalar iqlim sharoitiga qarab 3–7 yil ichida qoplanishini ko‘rsatdi. Bundan tashqari, natijalar HDD ham, CDD ham izolyatsiya dizayniga sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatishini namoyon etdi, bu esa yil bo‘yi iqlim sharoitlarini hisobga olish muhimligini tasdiqlaydi. Ishlab chiqilgan model turli iqlim mintaqalarida iqtisodiy jihatdan optimal izolyatsiya strategiyalarini aniqlash uchun amaliy vosita bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.
Binolar devorlari uchun optimal issiqlik izolyatsiyasi qalinligini aniqlash maqsadida isitish va sovitish energiyasi talablari hisobga olingan kompleks termo-iqtisodiy model ishlab chiqildi. Tahlil isitish daraja-kunlari (HDD) va sovitish daraja-kunlari (CDD) yondashuviga hamda hayotiy sikl xarajatlarini baholash usuliga asoslandi. Devor orqali issiqlik uzatilishi bir o‘lchamli va statsionar deb qabul qilindi, izolyatsiya materiallarining issiqlik-fizik xossalari, ichki qulay harorat va tizim samaradorliklari esa o‘zgarmas deb olindi. Issiqlik izolyatsiyasi materiali sifatida penopolistirol va tosh paxta ko‘rib chiqildi. Modelga devorning issiqlik qarshiligi, izolyatsiyaning issiqlik o‘tkazuvchanligi, yoqilg‘i va elektr energiyasi narxlari, isitish tizimi samaradorligi, sovitish tizimining COP koeffitsienti, iqtisodiy xizmat muddati, foiz stavkasi va inflyatsiya kiritildi. Sonli optimallashtirish jarayoni Python dasturida NumPy va Matplotlib kutubxonalari yordamida amalga oshirildi, bunda izolyatsiya qalinligi 0–0,20 m oralig‘ida o‘zgartirilib, umumiy xarajatning minimal qiymati aniqlandi.
Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, izolyatsiya qalinligining ortishi yillik isitish va sovitish xarajatlarini sezilarli darajada kamaytiradi, biroq izolyatsiyaga kiritiladigan investitsiya xarajatlari qalinlik bilan chiziqli ravishda oshadi. O‘rganilgan iqlim sharoitlari uchun penopolistirol izolyatsiyasining optimal qalinligi taxminan 0,07–0,09 m deb topildi, tosh paxta uchun esa uning issiqlik o‘tkazuvchanligi va material narxi yuqoriroq bo‘lgani sababli biroz kichikroq qiymatlar olindi. Yillik energiya xarajatlari izolyatsiyasiz devorga nisbatan taxminan 35–50 % ga kamaydi, qoplash muddati esa 3–7 yil oralig‘ida deb baholandi. Bundan tashqari, optimal izolyatsiya qalinligi keltirilgan qiymat koeffitsienti, isitish daraja-kunlari va sovitish daraja-kunlari ortishi bilan oshib borishi aniqlandi. Bu esa iqlimiy va iqtisodiy parametrlar izolyatsiya loyihalashga hamda uzoq muddatli energiya samaradorligiga kuchli ta’sir ko‘rsatishini tasdiqlaydi.
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