By the decision of the Council of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the journal “Innovative Technologies” is included in the list of scientific publications recommended for the publication of the main scientific results of doctoral dissertations in the following fields of science: 04.00.00 - GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL SCIENCES 05.00.00 - TECHNICAL SCIENCES 06.00.00 - AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 08.00.00 - ECONOMIC SCIENCES In 2023, the journal “Innovative Technologies” is included in the RSCI database of the integrated scientific information portal eLIBRARY.RU ISSN: 2181-4732
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INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION METHODS AND MINERAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION RATES ON WINTER HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT
This article presents the results of field experiments conducted during 2024–2025 to evaluate the effects of irrigation methods and mineral fertilization rates on the growth, development, and yield of winter wheat. The study compared sprinkler irrigation and furrow irrigation under different soil moisture regimes (CHDNS 75-80-70, 70-80-70, and 70-70-60). Additionally, various fertilization rates were tested, including N180P90K60, N150P90K60, and N120P90K60. The results demonstrated that sprinkler irrigation combined with higher mineral fertilization rates created the most favorable conditions for plant development. Significant improvements were observed in biometric parameters such as the number of total and productive stems, plant height, spike morphology, and grain accumulation. The highest performance was recorded in the treatment with N180P90K60, where grain yield reached 70–75 centners per hectare. In contrast, furrow irrigation resulted in relatively lower biometric indicators and reduced yield performance. The findings confirm that the application of intensive irrigation techniques along with optimal mineral fertilization strategies plays a crucial role in achieving high and stable yields of winter wheat.
Copyright (c) 2026 Avlakulov M., Avlakulova M.M. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE ARID AND HOT CLIMATE CONDITIONS OF UZBEKISTAN
This article explores methods for improving the energy efficiency of buildings, considering the specific arid and hot climatic conditions of Uzbekistan. Based on the updated ShNK 2.01.04-22 regulations, the thermophysical properties of aerated concrete, basalt, and polymer-based insulators are analyzed. Using mathematical modeling, the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and investment payback periods were determined. The results demonstrate that implementing efficient thermal protection can reduce cooling and heating costs by 30-50%, proving the economic and environmental viability of these technologies in the region.
Copyright (c) 2026 G‘ayimnazarov I.X., Raxmatov M.I., Shermatov B.B. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MODELING OF THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOFLUIDS: VISCOSITY, THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, AND CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER
Enhancing heat transfer efficiency in energy systems is a critical scientific challenge. The relatively low thermal conductivity of conventional heat transfer fluids limits the intensity of heat exchange processes. In this study, classical theoretical models were employed to evaluate the thermophysical properties of nanofluids. Specifically, Einstein and Brinkman models were used for viscosity prediction, while Maxwell and Hamilton–Crosser models were applied to estimate thermal conductivity. The analysis revealed that increasing nanoparticle concentration enhances thermal conductivity; however, it also leads to an increase in viscosity, resulting in higher hydraulic resistance. The use of nanofluids improves heat transfer performance, but requires careful optimization of nanoparticle concentration.
Copyright (c) 2026 Xamrayev S.I. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATIC REGULATION SYSTEMS USING THE PYTHON PROGRAM
This paper explores methods for analyzing automatic control systems (ACS) and optimizing controller parameters using the Python programming language. A third-order dynamic model of a heat exchanger is adopted as the research object. The study presents algorithms for determining characteristic equation roots and time constants using the SymPy library, as well as constructing the object's step response curve through numerical modeling. To ensure system stability and achieve specified performance criteria, optimal parameters for P, I, and PI controllers were calculated using D-partitioning and Ziegler-Nichols methods.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mallayev A.R., Rahmonov J.B. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MODELING BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE "SOIL – VEGETATION - CLIMATE" SYSTEM
It is known that, despite the high accuracy of water balance forecasting, existing models such as AquaCrop, SWAP and HYDRUS do not fully take into account the relationship between water-salt balance and the effect of temperature limitations on root growth. Most current models describe the growth of the aboveground part of the plant separately from the physiological processes in the belowground part or use simplified empirical relationships. This limits their applicability in rapidly changing climates, as well as in areas with severely arid and degraded soils. Mathematical modeling based on a system of differential equations enables the integration of information on climate, soil composition, and plant physiology, thereby creating more accurate tools for agronomic planning. Current trends in agroinformatics, including the creation of digital twins of agroecosystems, require the development of models that account for spatial and temporal changes in environmental parameters and nonlinear biophysical processes. Complex relationships between soil water-salt balance, temperature, and physiological processes require the development of mathematical models capable of predicting root system dynamics under stress. Modern challenges such as global warming, droughts, and soil salinization make this task even more urgent. This article presents a system of ordinary differential equations and a system of partial differential equations describing the interactions between root biomass R(x,t), soil moisture W(x,t), and salt concentration S(x,t). The model takes into account temperature, evapotranspiration, and physiological constraints
Copyright (c) 2026 Samandarova G.A., Xo‘jaqulov R., Tursunov F.Y. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF SYMMETRIC AND ASYMMETRIC LOADS ON 0.38 KV VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL NETWORKS
The uneven distribution of loads across phases in low-voltage power supply networks significantly affects the quality of electricity, voltage regimes, and power losses. This article presents a comparative analysis of the influence of symmetrical and asymmetrical loads on the network operating mode in a 0.38 kV electrical network, modeled using the DigSILENT PowerFactory software environment. The obtained results showed that under symmetrical loading conditions, voltage deviations remained within permissible limits, and power losses were recorded at minimal levels (0.3-1.5%). In the asymmetric load mode, however, the phase voltage imbalance exceeded the allowable level, resulting in large currents in the neutral wire and active power losses reaching up to 6.29%. The research findings confirm that balancing loads across phases in low-voltage networks is a crucial factor in improving electricity quality and reducing losses.
Copyright (c) 2026 Xudayarov M.B., Abduxalimov J.A., Sayimov D.E. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED INTELLIGENT SORTING OF FRUITS BY COLOR
This paper presents the development of an automatic fruit sorting system based on color characteristics using an Arduino microcontroller and a TCS230 color sensor. The proposed system is designed to detect external color features of fruits in real time, process RGB color components, and classify fruits according to predefined criteria. The study focuses on automating quality assessment processes in agricultural and food production sectors. The system operation algorithm includes color data acquisition, object detection using infrared sensors, and control of a mechanical sorting mechanism. Sensor calibration was applied to reduce the influence of external lighting conditions and improve color detection accuracy. Experimental results demonstrated stable system performance and reliable color-based fruit classification. In addition, the paper discusses the potential integration of artificial intelligence techniques, particularly neural networks, to enhance sorting accuracy. Compared to conventional threshold-based methods, intelligent approaches allow more precise discrimination of subtle color differences. The obtained results indicate that the proposed system is a promising solution for improving efficiency and reliability in automatic fruit sorting applications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Uljaev E., Abdixalilov O‘.U. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MODERNIZATION OF THE UNDERCARRIAGE OF A VEGETABLE-GROWING TRACTOR TO REDUCE THE MAN-MADE IMPACT ON THE SOIL
This article presents theoretical studies aimed at reducing soil compaction caused by the tires of four-wheel tractors used in vegetable cultivation and harvesting under the soil and climatic conditions of our republic. The paper describes the structural design and operating principle of improved wheels, as well as methods for determining their traction resistance. In addition, the practical significance of the proposed design solution is analyzed, particularly its contribution to preserving soil fertility, creating favorable conditions for plant root development, and improving the energy efficiency of agricultural machinery. The interaction between the wheels and the soil is modeled under various loads and operating modes, substantiating the reduction in soil compaction and the optimization of traction performance. Furthermore, a comparison between theoretical and experimental results is carried out, highlighting the advantages of the proposed wheel design over conventional tires. Based on the findings, scientific and practical recommendations are developed for the modernization of agricultural machinery and the enhancement of its operational efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sharipov Q.A., Norchayev R., Norchayev J.R., Norchayev D.R., Rustamova N.R. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF RESERVOIRS WITH COMPLEX TOPOLOGICAL RELIEF
An accident (a breach) in a dam or reservoir dyke causes a large mass of water to be compressed and displaced through the breach, dramatically increasing the flow velocity and its dynamic impact on the dam bottom and reservoir basin. This results in the breach widening and significant deformation of the reservoir basin's relief, which takes on a complex topological shape. After emergency situations have been resolved, damaged (breached) sections of the dam have been repaired, and reservoir operations have been restored, scientific and technical issues related to determining the reservoir's water volume and accurately recording it arise. This article presents a solution to the problem of determining the elevation marks of a reservoir bottom with complex topography, using a specific facility as an example.
morphological and morphometric parameters
deformation and transformation of the bed
Copyright (c) 2026 Maxmudova D.I. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INFLUENCE OF THERMOBARIC CONDITIONS ON THE PROPERTIES OF TECHNOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND REACTION PRODUCTS DURING ACID TREATMENT OF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS
This article analyzes the effect of pressure (0.1–100 MPa) and temperature (20–250°C) on the properties of technological fluids (HCl, water) and reaction products (<!-- [if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:r>CaC</m:r><m:sSub><m:sSubPr><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></m:sSubPr><m:e><m:r>l</m:r></m:e><m:sub><m:r>2</m:r></m:sub></m:sSub><m:r>,</m:r><m:r>MgC</m:r><m:sSub><m:sSubPr><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></m:sSubPr><m:e><m:r>l</m:r></m:e><m:sub><m:r>2</m:r></m:sub></m:sSub><m:r>,</m:r><m:r>C</m:r><m:sSub><m:sSubPr><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></m:sSubPr><m:e><m:r>O</m:r></m:e><m:sub><m:r>2</m:r></m:sub></m:sSub><m:r>,</m:r><m:sSub><m:sSubPr><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></m:sSubPr><m:e><m:r>N</m:r></m:e><m:sub><m:r>2</m:r></m:sub></m:sSub></m:oMath><![endif]--> <span lang="UZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; position: relative; top: 4.5pt; mso-text-raise: -4.5pt; mso-ansi-language: UZ; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> ) during acid treatment of carbonate reservoirs. Studies show that under deep reservoir conditions, gases transition to a supercritical state, salt solubility increases, and acid viscosity decreases significantly. Considering these changes allows for increasing the efficiency of acid stimulation and correctly modeling the development of wormholes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Samatov Sh.Sh., Boyqobilova M.M., Bozorov U.S., Axatova G.A., Ismatova Sh.M. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPROVEMENT OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR GAS WELLS WITH ULTRA-LOW RESERVOIR PRESSURE
This article examines the issues of improving the efficiency of chemical treatment of productive formations in oil and gas wells. Due to the shortage of hydrochloric acid and the increase in its cost, the possibility of using phosphoric acid for treating productive formations was investigated. Laboratory experiments were carried out on carbonate rock samples taken from the Sho‘rtan field, and the dissolving properties of phosphoric acid at various concentrations were studied. According to the research results, 20–25% phosphoric acid was found to have an effective impact on carbonate rocks and to produce results close to those of hydrochloric acid. In addition, when AF 9-12 and other surfactants were used, deeper penetration of the acid mixture into the formation and a reduction in metal corrosion were observed. Based on the obtained results, the feasibility of using phosphoric acid in the chemical treatment of productive formations in the near-wellbore zone of oil and gas wells was substantiated.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ermatov N.X., Bekov B.X., Boyqobilova M.M., Samatov Sh.Sh., Xushvaqtov G‘.A. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF WELL GUSHING CONDITIONS DURING THE JOINT DEVELOPMENT OF OIL AND GAS PARTS OF OIL AND GAS CONDENSATE FIELDS
The article presents the results of studying the conditions for well gushing in oil and gas condensate fields under development systems with priority oil extraction and gas cap gas conservation, as well as the joint operation of the oil and gas condensate parts of the deposit. The article also discusses the geological and technological factors that led to the low efficiency of oil extraction and gas cap gas conservation. The article analyzes the technological indicators of field development after switching to joint oil and gas extraction. The calculations show that well gushing is ensured by breakthrough gas from the gas cap.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agzamov A. X., Maxmudov N. N., Abbasova S.A., Agzamova S.A., Nasimxonov L.N., Mustafayev J.M. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDY OF THE PHYSICO-MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF POLYETHYLENE MODIFIED WITH ZINC TEREFTALATE
In this study, the physico-mechanical and thermal properties of polyethylene modified with zinc terephthalate were studied. The use of modifiers in the production of polymer composite materials allows for a significant improvement in the operational properties of the materials. In the research process, zinc terephthalate was introduced into the composition of polyethylene in an amount of 1-15%, and the tensile strength, degree of deformation, and flammability properties of the resulting composite materials were determined. Mechanical tests were conducted on the AGS-X universal testing device, and combustion properties were assessed based on the oxygen index method according to GOST 12.1.044-89 and ISO 4589-1. The obtained results showed an increase in the oxygen index in modified polyethylene samples and an improvement in the thermal stability of the material. Also, an increase in the amount of modifier enhances the interfacial interaction in the polymer structure, increasing the mechanical properties of the composite material.
Copyright (c) 2026 Berdiyev S.A., Muhitdinov B.B., Karimov O.T., Nurqulov F.N. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS OF CARBONATE AND TERRIGENOUS DEPOSITS OF THE CENTRAL PART OF THE CHARDZHOU STAGE AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS
Using the central part of the Chardzhou stage as an example, the results of zoning the territory by the ratio of structural plans of carbonate and terrigenous deposits are presented, with the identification of 9 types of zones in the paper. Based on the analysis of variance, the effect of these zones on the distribution of oil and gas fields was quantified. The high reliability of this factor's effect on the distribution of oil and gas deposits made it possible to propose it as a criterion for identifying promising areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Umurzakov R.A., Gafurov R.T. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ENHANCING THE RESISTANCE TO HYDROABRASIVE WEAR OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IMPELLERS BY STRENGTHENING THE SURFACE LAYER WITH FUNCTIONAL COATINGS
The article analyzes issues related to improving the operational reliability of centrifugal pumps widely used in the mining industry. It has been established that the primary causes of failures in pumping equipment operating in hydrotransport systems are hydroabrasive wear of impellers, casings, and covers. Based on statistical and experimental data obtained from pump stations of mining enterprises in Uzbekistan, the service life and failure causes of centrifugal pump components were investigated. The research results indicate that up to 70–75% of failures are associated with intensive wear of the surface layer of pump impellers. Methods for extending the service life of pump impellers through strengthening their surface layer with functional coatings are analyzed, and the advantages of cold gas-dynamic spraying technology are scientifically substantiated. Using this approach, metallic and metal–ceramic composite coatings are formed, which increase the resistance of impellers to hydroabrasive and cavitation effects. It is demonstrated that the application of such coatings makes it possible to reduce the operating costs of centrifugal pumps and significantly extend their service life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kayumov U.E., Pardayeva Sh.S. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
METHODS FOR DEVELOPING AND CALCULATION RESOURCE-EFFECTIVE DESIGNS TO INCREASE THE LIFE OF BELT CONVEYOR ROLLER MECHANISMS
The article presents ideas on installing bushings made of rubber with elastic elements in the bearing housings of the roller mechanism of the belt conveyor, which provide a smooth rotational movement. In addition, methods for developing and calculating a resource-saving design to increase the service life of the belt conveyor structure were developed. According to the results of the study, comparing the vibration of the roller mechanism with the vibration of a conventional roller mechanism, according to the results of the comparison, it is possible to prevent premature failure of the recommended roller mechanism by reducing vibrations in the mechanism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jumayev A.S., Djuraev A., Abduraxmanova M.M. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
APPLICATION OF THE TRACTIVE FORCE METHOD IN ASSESSING THE STABILITY OF EARTHEN CANAL SECTIONS
This article examines the problem of determining hydraulically stable cross-sections for open channels. The potential of using the shear stress method to ensure the scour resistance of the channel bed and banks is analyzed. The shear stress method is based on calculating the shear stress exerted by the water flow on the channel bed and walls. The article presents the main hydraulic parameters, cross-sectional geometry, and calculation formulas for open channels. The results obtained are significant for selecting the optimal geometric parameters of a channel. The shear stress method is one of the most effective approaches for calculating the stable parameters of open channels. Its application allows for the consideration of the flow's hydraulic characteristics, the channel's geometric parameters, and the soil's physical and mechanical properties, which prevents scouring of the channel bed and slopes. The initiation of sediment transport, which affects the stability of the open channel bed, is determined based on the Shields method, specifically through the hydraulic calculation of critical shear stress. Using this method in the design of irrigation and drainage canals enhances the reliability of hydraulic structures, reduces operational costs, and ensures the stability of channel processes during long-term operation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eshev S.S., Aralov B.G‘., Sherboyev Z.X., Bozorov B.E., Safarov A.A. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The article is devoted to the analytical calculation of the main parameters and dimensions of a pneumatic-hydraulic damper of hydraulic shock with pressure reduction, installed at the beginning of a pressure pipeline to reduce the emergency consequences of the intensity of shock waves, taking into account the polytropic process of air in the damper. Based on the results of analytical studies of the wave equations of non-stationary pressure movements for the proposed hydraulic shock absorber, dependencies were obtained for calculating the maximum and minimum pressures during an impact in the first period of pressure oscillations, taking into account the polytropic index. To substantiate the reliability of the proposed dependencies and economic dimensions of the damper design, comparative calculations of analytical studies with experimental data and data from other authors were performed. Comparative calculations prove the reliability of the proposed dependencies obtained by the analytical method of solutions of known equations of motion of hydromechanics, continuity and the state of air in the damper.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jonqobilov S.U. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF GREEN ECONOMY, DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH FACTORS ON REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BASED ON INTEGRATED ECONOMETRIC MODELING
Sustainable regional economic growth is a complex multi-factor process that requires an in-depth analysis of the causal relationships among economic indicators. This study evaluates the impact of meso-level indicators such as investment flows, industrial output, employment, export–import volumes, inflation, and digital economy indicators on economic growth using ARDL, VAR, and VECM models. Under Uzbekistan’s “Green Economy” and “Digital Transformation – 2030” strategies, mathematical modeling of regional economic growth plays a crucial role in shaping government policy. The results highlight the short-term and long-term determinants of economic growth, the degree of sensitivity to shocks, and opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of economic decision-making.
Copyright (c) 2026 Turdiyev U. Q. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INNOVATIVE EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING A BIOACTIVE SUPPLEMENT FROM POMEGRANATE PEEL
This study investigates the technology for obtaining a bioactive supplement from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.), a widely cultivated fruit in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan. To maximize the extraction of polyphenols, ellagic acid, tannins, and other bioactive compounds, traditional hydroalcoholic extraction, ultrasonic extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were compared. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays. Drying methods – spray drying and freeze-drying – were assessed for their effectiveness in preserving bioactivity. Overall, the findings have practical significance for optimizing the production of high-value bioactive supplements derived from pomegranate peel.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mirzayeva D. A., Safoxonova A. N., Sagdiyev X. T. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SULFUR-BASED POLYMER CONCRETE PRODUCTION
This article analyzes the production technology of sulfur-based polymer concrete and its environmental efficiency. Compared to traditional cement-based concrete, the manufacturing process of sulfur polymer concrete significantly reduces carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, requires lower energy consumption, and enables the full utilization of excess sulfur accumulated as an industrial by-product. Additionally, the recyclability, chemical stability, and high resistance of sulfur polymers to water and acids contribute to their long-term durability, resulting in a positive environmental impact. The article further presents technological solutions to prevent gas emissions that may occur during the high-temperature remelting and polymerization processes. The research results demonstrate that sulfur-based polymer concrete holds an important place among environmentally sustainable construction materials and is evaluated as an innovative solution aligned with the green economy concept.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mo‘ydinov A. R., Ziyamuxamedova U. A., Nafasov J. H., Abduraximov Sh. O‘. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUATION AND RATING OF UNCERTAINTY OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE MEASUREMENT RESULTS IN THE GPS SYSTEM
This article analyzes the main external and internal factors affecting measurement processes in GPS navigation systems. Particular attention is paid to the sources of uncertainty that influence the accuracy and reliability of positioning results. The effects of the ionosphere and troposphere on signal propagation, satellite geometry parameters, multipath effects, receiver characteristics, and human-related factors are considered as the primary contributors to measurement uncertainty. For each factor, the level of uncertainty is identified and quantitatively evaluated. Mathematical formulas and tabulated data are used to estimate the combined measurement error. The results of the study allow for a comprehensive assessment of total measurement uncertainty and provide recommendations for improving the accuracy of GPS-based measurements. The findings are of practical importance for specialists in geodesy, navigation, and satellite technologies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Axmedov B. M., Valiyev M. K., Bekimbetov Sh. I. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES INSPECTION OF ROLLING STOCK AT STATION TRACKS
The development of the multimodal transport system in Uzbekistan in recent years has been linked to the growth of freight volumes, the strengthening of intermodal connectivity, and the increasing demand for logistics services. Between 2020 and 2024, the total volume of freight transported by all modes of transport increased from 1,366.7 million tons to 1,521.2 million tons, which necessitates a more efficient organisation of transport processes. Fragmented data across transport modes, insufficient digitalisation of operational processes, and delays at multimodal junctions negatively affect the quality of transport services and lead to reduced transportation efficiency. The study uses data from the Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the period 2020–2024 on freight volumes transported by road, rail, air, and pipeline. A relative index model was applied to evaluate the relationship between time and cost in multimodal transportation. In addition, the impact of digitalisation on the efficiency of transport chains was examined through an analysis of the implementation level of real-time monitoring systems, information exchange platforms, and automated management systems. The findings indicate that the growing volume of freight transportation increases the need to enhance the level of digitalisation within the multimodal system. The attainment of 1,385.5 million tons of road freight and 73.9 million tons of rail freight forms the structural basis of multimodal interaction in the country. The “time–cost” model demonstrated that increasing the level of digitalisation can reduce the relative transport cost index by 25–30%, stabilise operational processes, and ensure continuous management of freight flows. It was also determined that the use of digital technologies—such as real-time monitoring, automated inspection systems, and unified information platforms—significantly reduces delays at intermodal transfer points. The gradual implementation of digital solutions in the development of the multimodal transport system is an essential factor in improving the efficiency of transport services. Unified information platforms, digital management of operational processes, and the automation of technical and commercial procedures ensure the continuity of freight flows and contribute to the stable development of multimodal logistics in Uzbekistan. The obtained results confirm the necessity of systematically expanding digitalisation across the national transport networks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jumayev Sh. B., Obidov N. G‘., Zohidov M. G‘. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ALGORITHM FOR CONSTRUCTING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF INTELLIGENT NEURAL NETWORKS
The most important feature of artificial neural networks, which indicates the wide capabilities and enormous potential, is the parallel processing of information by all parts. A large number of connections between neurons allows you to significantly speed up the process of processing information. This article examines the issues of using neural networks, working with training selections from the main features of neural networks, and building a mathematical model of the network. The determination of gradient components relative to the weights of hidden layer neurons is carried out. In accordance with the error backpropagation algorithm in neural networks, the stages performed in each training cycle are presented.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shukurova O. P. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTELLIGENT IоT-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR REAL-TIME CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF POWER TRANSFORMERS
Ensuring the continuous and reliable operation of power transformers is a fundamental requirement for modern electrical networks. The growing complexity of power systems demands innovative methods for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance. This research presents an intelligent Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for continuous transformer condition assessment, integrating multi-sensor data acquisition, wireless transmission, and cloud analytics enhanced with machine learning algorithms. The proposed model monitors vital parameters such as winding temperature, oil quality, and vibration levels. Data are analyzed using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) to evaluate the transformer’s health index dynamically. Statistical correlation reveals strong interdependence between temperature fluctuations, oil acidity, and insulation degradation. Experimental validation using real-time datasets from 110/35 kV substations demonstrated a predictive accuracy of 97.5%. The integration of IoT-based analytics into SCADA environments enables predictive maintenance, reduces operational risks, and extends equipment lifespan. The results confirm the feasibility of transitioning from traditional maintenance strategies toward intelligent self-diagnosing power systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullabekova D. R., Qutbidinov O. M. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTELLIGENT CONTROL OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS UNDER WATER SCARCITY: CASE STUDY OF KASHKADARYA REGION AND IMPACT OF QOSH-TEPA CANAL
This article focuses on developing an intelligent system for the safe utilization of Collector-Drainage Water (CDW) to mitigate the negative impact of the Qosh-Tepa canal construction on the water supply of the Kashkadarya region. Considering that 73% of the region's irrigation water is pumped from the Amu Darya, mixing mineralized drainage effluents with fresh water is proposed as an alternative solution. A hybrid control model based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has been developed. The results demonstrate that pulse irrigation regimes and real-time monitoring of salt transport can reduce water deficit by 20-25% and prevent secondary soil salinization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Turgunov A. M., Ibodillayev F. F. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
WATER HAMMER WHEN STARTING A PUMPING STATION
The work is devoted to the study of water hammer during the start-up of pumps in automated stations with low inertia of moving masses and taking into account energy losses during filling of the pressure pipeline. The article presents an analysis of works devoted to the study of shock pressure during the start-up of pumping stations. The paper presents a theoretical study of the maximum impact pressure during the start-up of pumping stations, which provides an accurate assessment of the optimal technical parameters of pumping stations and their main structures. The paper presents a formula for calculating the maximum impact pressure when starting pumping stations, taking into account energy loss along the length of the pressure pipeline. It increases the reliability of the pressure system and ensures resource conservation in the design of pumping stations and their structures. A graphical analytical method is proposed for determining the maximum impact pressure when starting a pump with an open valve installed at the beginning of a pressure pipeline. The analytical results were compared with experimental data on water hammer during start-up of the main pumps at the stations. Reliable agreement was achieved between the results of pressure pipeline calculations using the proposed water hammer dependence and the experimental data.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jonqobilov S. U. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPROVING THE HYDRAULIC CALCULATION METHOD FOR BOTTOM EDDIES IN THE CONFLUENCE OF FLOW IN DEFORMABLE CHANNELS
Under the influence of the vortex zone formed at the confluence of two channels, sediments intensively settle. Taking these sediments into account, the hydraulic and geometric parameters of the flow are determined. The analytical solution shows that at the confluence of flows, where the secondary channel (Channel 2) joins the main channel (Channel 3), the streamlines bend and contract. This leads to the emergence of a transverse flow. As the flow impacts the left bank of the main channel (Channel 3) and moves toward the right bank, a vortex flow is generated. The resulting vortex flow causes sediment accumulation on the right bank at the inlet section, while the remaining sediments are transported at high velocity in the contraction zone. The high velocity in the contraction section may lead to erosion of the left bank of the main channel (Channel 3). The solution to this issue is explored by varying the angle of channel confluence. During the solution process, the velocity distribution in the channels, as well as the shape and dimensions of the vortex zone, are determined analytically.
Copyright (c) 2026 Xolmamatov I. K., Almardonov O. M., Jo‘rayeva Sh. H. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF WAVE PARAMETERS IN RESERVOIRS WITH
The article examines the problem of surface-wave propagation on a current featuring large-scale turbulence in flowing reservoirs. In the course of the research, a scientific analysis was carried out of the main factors influencing the processes of alongshore currents that occur during wave–current interactions. As a result of the study, relationships were obtained for determining the parameters of wind waves on currents in reservoirs with complex configurations. The previously derived computational relationships for determining wave parameters under conditions of wave–current superposition were refined. It is demonstrated that reservoirs constructed in foothill and mountainous regions are characterized by significantly more complex shoreline transformation processes compared to lowland reservoirs. The stages of forecasting wind waves in a flowing reservoir with a complex configuration are presented, and an algorithm is proposed for calculating alongshore currents with consideration of waves in foothill reservoirs. A method is proposed for forecasting wind waves in flowing reservoirs where wave development in the fetch zone is influenced by steady currents and the limited width of the water area.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahimov A. R., Latipov Sh. A., Mamatov N. Z., Usmonov R. N. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KEY FEATURES OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE ROASTING PROCESS OF SULFIDE-CONTAINING PRODUCTS
This study focuses on the analysis of the control system for the roasting process of sulfide-containing products. The physico-chemical characteristics of the process are examined, including temperature regulation, oxygen concentration, and gas flow stability. The main chemical reactions, heat transfer mechanisms, and factors contributing to improved energy efficiency are identified. Mathematical modeling and parameter optimization methods aimed at minimizing exhaust gas emissions are also presented. In the study, a comprehensive analysis of the control system for the roasting process of sulfide-containing products was carried out based on scientific data and the practices of modern metallurgical production. Sulfide ores of copper, zinc, and iron were examined, and their physico-chemical and thermophysical properties during roasting were studied. Theoretical analysis, technological modeling, and investigation of the principles of automated control were applied. The obtained results made it possible to identify the main factors influencing the stability, energy efficiency, and environmental safety of the process. As a result of the conducted research, the possibility of optimizing the roasting process of sulfide ores through an automatic control system has been proven. The physicochemical analysis revealed the influence of temperature and oxygen concentration on the reaction rate. Heat exchange analysis showed that heat losses in the furnace account for 12–15%. After the implementation of the PID controller, temperature fluctuations decreased by 81%, and SO₂ concentration variations by 80%. Energy consumption was reduced by 15%, while raw material consumption decreased by up to 8%. The process stability, energy efficiency, and environmental safety improved significantly. The analyses carried out have shown that in existing roasting systems, heat losses, insufficient temperature stability, and uncertainties in controlling the composition of exhaust gases reduce process efficiency. To eliminate these shortcomings, it is recommended to improve thermal insulation, optimize the energy balance, and apply adaptive or fuzzy logic algorithms in the control system. The implementation of predictive analysis functions in the SCADA system will enable proactive process control and help reduce energy consumption. Based on the proposed approaches, the roasting process can become more stable, energy-efficient, and environmentally safe.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muxitdinov D. P., Annaqulov Sh. O., Raximov H. A. (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0